This book briefly tries to take stock of the activities of our nation's most outstanding people, to describe the life path and achievements of all those who contributed to the rise of our people. Given that the author mainly deals with the history of science and technology, the reader will surely not be surprised that the representatives of these fields are primarily included in this volume. The main goal of the compiler of the present volume is to present the best of the past to show that there is a way out of even the most difficult situations, just as our predecessors found, so that the open-minded reader interested in the affairs of the world can gain knowledge that broadens his horizons and deepens his knowledge. and national self-awareness.